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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SPOILAGE OF Citrus sinensis (SWEET ORANGE) AND ITS TREATMENT USING Vernonia amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) AND Ocimum gratissimum (SCENT LEAF)

ABSTRACT/DESCRIPTION


Citrus sinensis (L.), family Rutaceae, is one of the major commercial fruit crops that are widely consumed both as fresh fruit or juice due to its high vitamin C content and antioxidant potential. Most Citrus fruits are in association with a variety of bacteria, and fungi, but due to a particular environmental condition, only a small proportion of the kind of microorganism(s) present will be able to grow rapidly and cause its deterioration. 20 grams of vernonia anygdalina and Occimum gratissimum were collected air dried for seven days and crushed in a mortar and pestle. The sample was soaked with 90% ethanol into a 250ml conical flask and was allowed to settle for 48 hours. The dominant fungi isolated from Citrus sinenesis (Sweet Orange) were Aspergillus sppp. Mucor sppp. Penicillum spp. Rhizopus sppp. and Alternaria spp. The results revealed that six fungi were responsible for the spoilage of Citrus sinensis. Platel-8 confirmed the pathogenecity test of the fungi as the causal agents of the spoilage. Aspergillus sppp. that is the most occurring and violent pathogen, having an occurrence of 32.5%, followed by Mucor sppp. 25%, Penicillum spp. and Rhizopus sppp 15% Fusarium spp. 7.5% with Alternaria spp having the least occurrence of 5%. It was concluded that Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum leaf extracts can control and reduce the growth of fungi disease in Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange). This serves as an alternative means of reducing and controlling microorganisms in Citrus sinensis which called for more researches as the leaves are effective, readily available, cheap and eco-friendly.

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